C# - Program Structure

C# Hello World Example

A C# program basically consists of the following parts:

• Namespace declaration
• A class
• Class methods
• Class attributes
• A Main method
• Statements & Expressions
• Comments

Let us look at a simple code that would print the words "Hello World":

using System;
namespace HelloWorldApplication
{
   class HelloWorld
   {
      static void Main(string[] args)
      {
         /* my first program in C# */
         Console.WriteLine("Hello World");
         Console.ReadKey();
      }
   }
}

When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces following result:

Hello World

Let us look at various parts of the above program:

• The first line of the program using System; - the using keyword is used to include the System namespace in the program. A program generally has multiple using statements.
• The next line has the namespace declaration. A namespace is a collection of classes. The HelloWorldApplication namespace contains the class HelloWorld.
• The next line has a class declaration, the class HelloWorld, contains the data and method definitions that your program uses. Classes generally would contain more than one method. Methods define the behavior of the class. However, the HelloWorld class has only one method Main.
• The next line defines the Main method, which is the entry point for all C# programs. The Main method states what the class will do when executed
• The next line /*...*/ will be ignored by the compiler and it has been put to add additional comments in the program.
• The Main method specifies its behavior with the statement Console.WriteLine("Hello World");
  WriteLine is a method of the Console class defined in the System namespace. This statement causes the message "Hello, World!" to be displayed on the screen.
  
• The last line Console.ReadKey(); is for the VS.NET Users. This makes the program wait for a key press and it prevents the screen from running and closing quickly when the program is launched from Visual Studio .NET.

Its worth to note the following points:

• C# is case sensitive.
• All statements and expression must end with a semicolon (;).
• The program execution starts at the Main method.
• Unlike Java, file name could be different from the class name.